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Paris Observatory: R0MER, ru'msr, Ole, Danish astronomer: b. Aarhus, Sept. 25, 1644; d. Copenhagen, Sept. 19, 1710. After studying at the University of Copenhagen, he spent ten years in Paris, where he made observations in the royal observatory and was elected to the Academy. In 1681 he was made professor of mathematics and director of the observatory at Copenhagen, and subsequently became a councilor of state. He is known chiefly as the discoverer of the velocity of light, which he determined by observation of the eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter.
Other satellites studying sun-earth relationships included the Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO) 3, launched on March 8, 1967; the OSO 4, launched on Oct. 18, 1967; the Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (OGO) 4, launched on July 28, 1967; and OGO 5, launched on March 4, 1968. As the names suggest, the OSO's concentrate on the sun and the OGO's on the earth. On Dec. 18, 1967, Pioneer 8 was sent on a 387-day journey around the sun to observe at closer range than had any preceding vehicle the most active solar period since space flight came of age.
Daguerre printed a broadside describing his invention in general terms, and announced the forthcoming sale of technical specifications. But the plan was abandoned at the advice of Frangois Arago, a well-known scientist, director of the Paris Observatory, perpetual secretary of the Academy of Sciences, and a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the French government. He proposed nothing short of the outright purchase of both processes by the state, and told Daguerre that he would call a meeting of the Academy for that purpose. |
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