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Called Money Converter: Historically, the open-hearth furnace largely superseded the Bessemer converter, and the oxygen converter is now in process of superseding the open-hearth furnace.
Copper Converter.—In the copper converter, copper matte (a complex of copper sulfide and iron sulfide) is oxidized to copper. As in the Bessemer converter, air is introduced below the liquid surface, but from the side instead of the bottom.
Converters.—A converter is a deep ladle-shaped furnace used to produce steel or copper. The converter is supported on trunnions (pivots) and can be tipped or inverted to discharge the finished metal. Heat is supplied by oxidation of unwanted elements in the charge.
To find out the latest secure the current edition of Pan American's world guide, New Horizons, or the pocket sized annual called Money Converter and Tipping Guide for Europe, by Charles Vomacka (Dover Publications, 1780 Broadway, New York), which tells much more than its title suggests. Cigars, I might add, are generally admitted on a basis of one cigar as the equivalent of four or five cigarettes, and smoking tobacco is viewed on the basis of approximately one pound to 400 cigarettes. This is an or—or—or thing, for you cannot bring in the limit on all of these forms of tobacco. |
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